Golf and Lumbar Herniated Disc: Causes and Treatment


Hello, this is Dr. Hwang from Yonghada Korean Medicine Clinic.

Recently, a patient visited our clinic suffering from a herniated disc caused during golf practice. They had been experiencing lower back pain and left leg numbness for over three months. The patient had taken a break from golf but resumed playing at the recommendation of friends. Rushing into intensive practice to prepare for a sudden golf course reservation led to the herniated disc.



In most cases, herniated discs improve significantly with 1-2 months of treatment. However, if the condition persists for over three months, it often indicates issues with recovery (weakened immunity) or instability due to weakened core muscles. Upon examination, the patient showed severe nerve root irritation in the right side, as evidenced by a straight leg raise test (left 75°, right 30°). They also had weakened left transverse abdominis, gluteus medius, and gluteus maximus, along with severe stiffness in the erector spinae and iliocostalis muscles near the T12 and L1 vertebrae. Additionally, the patient had been unable to sleep or sit comfortably due to back pain, leading to stress and physical weakness.

The patient underwent two months of treatment, including:

  • Herbal medicine therapy to boost weakened immunity.
  • Chuna therapy to correct misaligned lumbar vertebrae.
  • Phamacoacupuncture therapy to activate core muscles and restore balance.
  • Acupuncture therapy to soothe irritated nerve roots.
  • Cupping therapy to relax stiffened muscles.

This comprehensive treatment significantly improved their condition.

Why Does Back Pain Recur in Golfers?

Many golfers, despite experiencing back pain, refuse to cancel their golf plans. Chronic inflammation and neuralgia may take longer to heal, while pain caused by simple muscle tension often improves within a few treatments. However, recurring pain after practice sessions raises questions. Why does this happen? Let’s delve into the relationship between golf swings and herniated discs and explore how to prevent issues while enjoying golf healthily.


1. Understanding the Mechanism of the Spine in Golf Swings

Modern golf swings place significant pressure on the lower back (lumbar spine). The lumbar spine is designed primarily for flexion and extension, but the rotational forces in a golf swing—especially during coiling (upper and lower body twisting)—require flexion, rotation, and lateral bending (right lateral flexion for right-handed golfers). This subjects the lumbar spine to pressures up to eight times the body weight.

Corey T, Juan S, & Randall W. (2019). Golf: a contact sport. Repetitive traumatic discopathy may be the driver of early lumbar degeneration in modern-era golfers : Journal of Neurosurgery, 31(6), 914–917


Ideally, this rotational force should originate from the thoracic spine (mid-back) and hips. However, when the body is unprepared, the lumbar spine compensates, leading to repeated stress and disc compression. Amateurs often experience these issues due to poor mobility in other areas (thoracic spine, hips) or swing techniques that strain the lower back.


2. Common Swing Problems Causing Back Pain

  1. Excessive Lumbar Flexion, Rotation, and Lateral Bending
    Faulty swings with sway, slide, or reverse pivot mechanics place unnecessary stress on the lower back. Adjusting your swing to suit your body is critical.

  2. Stiff Hips and Thoracic Spine
    Limited joint mobility forces the lumbar spine to overcompensate, increasing pressure and injury risk.

  3. Upper Body Tension and Overuse
    Swinging with excessive upper body tension creates rigidity and undue pressure on the lower back.

  4. Inappropriate Club Weight and Finish Positions
    Using heavy or mismatched clubs can disrupt balance during the finish, straining the lower back.

  5. Weakened Core Muscles
    Core muscles act as a stabilizing belt, reducing stress on joints and bones. Weak core muscles decrease stability and raise the risk of injury.


3. Corrective Measures for Healthy Golf Swings

  1. Find a Swing That Suits Your Body
    Adapt your swing to your flexibility and strength. Classic swings (which rely on lower body movement) may reduce stress compared to modern swings (which emphasize upper body rotation).

  2. Shift Rotation Focus to the Thoracic Spine and Hips
    Engage in stretching and warm-ups to enhance thoracic spine rotation and hip flexibility.

  3. Maintain Neutral Spinal Alignment
    Avoid excessive bending or twisting. Use proper hip hinge mechanics to preserve the natural curve of your spine.

  4. Smooth Swing Tempo
    Focus on smooth, rhythmic swings rather than sheer power. Accurate contact (center hit), swing arc, and head speed are key to distance.

  5. Relax and Breathe Deeply
    Anxiety and tension increase upper body rigidity and quicken swing tempo. Practice deep abdominal breathing to calm the nervous system, especially during field play.


4. Prevention and Exercises for Lumbar Disc Health

  1. Strengthen Core Muscles
    Core exercises, such as planks, help stabilize the spine.

  2. Stretch Regularly
    Incorporate flexibility exercises for the thoracic spine and hips into your routine.

  3. Use Proper Equipment
    Choose clubs that match your physique and swing style to prevent injuries.

  4. Warm-Up and Cool Down
    Focus on dynamic warm-ups for the thoracic spine and hips before and after play.

  5. Maintain Psychological Stability
    Avoid unnecessary tension by visualizing successful shots and breathing deeply to stay relaxed.


Treatment Approach at Yonghada Korean Medicine Clinic

Most patients report receiving treatments solely focused on their lower back. At our clinic, we take a broader approach:

  • Chuna Therapy: Corrects abnormal lumbar alignment by analyzing individual vertebrae movements.
  • Acupuncture and Herbal Injection Therapy: Relieve nerve compression and strengthen surrounding core muscles.
  • Herbal Medicine Therapy: Enhances recovery and boosts weakened immunity in patients with recurrent herniated discs.
  • Cupping Therapy: Eases muscle tension and promotes relaxation.

Through this comprehensive approach, we aim to treat not just the symptoms but also the underlying causes, ensuring a faster and more complete recovery.

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